Saturday, 30 December 2017

Each Plant can create mix of the flotation reagents, which would be similar to patented reagents

Plant can create their own mix of collectors, which would be similar to the patented reagent. You can do it legally! The mixture is made from cheap reagents can be such effective as brand-name reagent. But it will be much cheaper. I'll tell you that includes the mixture. 

 THE  STORE  OF  MY  IDEAS  AND  TECHNOLOGICAL  SOLUTIONS

Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya

Friday, 29 December 2017

CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS ON THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES

Ph. D. Natalia Petrovskaya, 2016   Classification of minerals on the electrical properties

Classification of minerals on the electrical properties:
  • Conductors are minerals with high conductivity.
  • Semiconductors are minerals that have an average (low) conductivity.
  • Non-conductors (dielectrics) are minerals that don't conduct electricity.
Conductores: Anthracite, argentite, arsenopyrite, bornite, braunite, cassiterite (ferriferous), chalcocite, chalcopyrite, cobaltite, columbite, copper, covellite, chromite, enargite, galena, gold, graphite, hematite,  ilmenite, magnetite, manganite, marcasite, molibdenite, pyrite, pyrolusite, pyrrhotite, rutile, silver, smaltite, titanomagnetite, wolframite.

Semiconductors: bauxite, cassiterite, cuprite, limonite, magnesite, siderite, sphalerite,  vermiculite

Non-conductors: Actinolite, albite, almandite, andesite, anglesite, anhydrite, apatite, azurite, barite, beryl, biotite, calcite, celestite, cerussite, chrome, chrisocolla, chlorite, corundum, crocidolite, crocoite, chromite, cryolite, diamond, diaspore, diopside, dolomite, enstatite, epidote, feldspar, fluorite, franklinite, gibbsite, quartz, halite, monazite, muscovite, phlogopite, scheelite, spinel, spodumene, staurolite, stibnite, stibnite, sylvite, talc, titanite, topaz, tourmaline, wollastonite, wulfenite, xenotime, zircon.

It is easy to separate conductors out of non-conductors. It is more complicated to separate semiconductors out of conductors or non-conductors.

The electrical separation is very useful for separate next minerals:
  • Gold and platinum
  • Diamond and rock minerals
  • Ilmenite and apatite, garnet, tourmaline, zircon
  • Cassiterite and monazite, zircon, scheelite, spodumene
  • Rutil and  monazite, zircon
  • Monazite and  cassiterite, columbite, rutil
The electrical separation is used for:
  • Separation of placer deposits of rare earth minerals
  • Separation of tin and tungsten ores
  • Separation of ferrous metals ores
  • Separation of non-metallic mineralsquartz, feldspar, coal, mica
  • Secondary metals: non-ferrous and ferrous metals, solid waste
  • Dedusting and dust collection
  • Separation of materials by size: building materials, ores
 
There are 6 types of electrical separation of minerals:
  • Electrical separation
  • Electrostatic separation
  • Dielectric separation
  • Tribo-electrostatic separation
  • Tribo adhesive separation
  • Separation in the corona–discharge field
Rare types of electrical separation of minerals:
  • Electrical classification by size and shape
  • Pyroelectric separation
  • Tribo-aero-electrostatic separation
  • Pneumoelectric separation
  • Fluidising-electrostatic separation
  • Crown-magnetic separation
  • Opto-electrical separation
Electrical separation is used frequently with magnetic separation and gravity separation. Flotation can be used for eliminate silycates out of the iron concentrate.
Next effects exist in nature:
  • Thermoelectric effect
  • Pyroelectric effect
  • Photoconductivity
  • Photo-electromotive-force effect (EMF)
  • Photoluminescence
  • Piezoelectric effect
  • Triboelectric effect
  • Triboluminescence

  • Electrostatic separators
  • Corona-electrostatic separators
  • Tribo-electrostatic separators
  • Tribo adhesive separators (TAS)
  • Dielectric separators
  • Electrostatic classifiers

HOW TO CHOOSE A METHOD FOR THE SEPARATION OF MINERALS


Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya, February 3, 2016

Wednesday, 27 December 2017

CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS ON THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES




Classification of minerals on the magnetic properties:
Strongly magnetic minerals: franklinite, maghemite, magnetite, pyrrhotite (monoclinic), titanomagnetite
Medium magnetic minerals: aeschynite, amphibole (dark-colored), biotite, chromite, columbite, epidote, ferberite, fergusonite, garnet (dark-colored), hematite, ilmenite, limonite, psilomelane, pyrolusite, pyroxene (dark-colored), samarskite, spinel, tourmaline (dark-colored), wolframite
Weakly magnetic minerals: allanite, amphibole (light-colored), brannerite, gadolinite, garnet (light-colored), goethite, ironstone, marmatite, monazite, pyrochlore, pyroxene (light-colored), pyrrhotite (hexagonal), siderite, specularite, spinel (light-colored), sphene, staurolite, tourmaline (light-colored), xenotime
Non-magnetic minerals: aegerine, ahroit, anatase, andalusite, apatite, arsenopyrite, axinite, azurite, baddeleyite, barite, benitoite, beryl, bismuthinite, blende, braunite, brookite, calcite, cassiterite, cerussite, chalcocite, chalcopyrite, chrysoberyl, cinnabar, clinozoisite, cobaltite, corundum, diamond, dolomite, euclase, feldspar, fluorite, glauconite, galena, garnet, hausmannite, hessite, hornblende, kyanite, malachite, manganite, manganocalcite, molybdenite, monazite, muscovite, orpiment, osmiridium, palladium, perovskite, phenacite, platinum, psilomelane, pyrite, pyrolusite, pyroxene (colorless), quartz, raspite, rhodochrosite, realgar, rutile, scheelite, siderite, sillimanite, smithsonite, spinel, spodumene, staurolite, stibnite, talc, topaz, thorianite, thorite, tourmaline, tremolite, vanadinite, vesuvianite, vernadite, wolframite, wulfenite, zircon, zoisite
Diamagnetic minerals:  copper, gold, lead, silver, tin, zinc
Types of magnetic order:
  • Diamagnetism
  • Paramagnetism
  • Ferromagnetism
  • Ferrimagnetism
  • Antiferromagnetism
©  Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya February 7, 2016
nataliapetrovsky@gmail.com

Monday, 25 December 2017

HOW TO CHOOSE A METHOD FOR THE SEPARATION OF MINERALS

 

There are many methods of separation (concentration) of minerals:

1) Gravity separation. There are more than 12 types of gravity separation of minerals. It is used for the extraction of gold, coal, cassiterite, wolframite, rare earth mineral, niobium, zirconium, uranium minerals , and others. Read more 

2) Magnetic separation. There are more than 14 types of magnetic separation of minerals. It is used for the extraction of magnetite, hematite, ilmenite, rare earth mineral, and other. Read more

3) Electrical separation. There are 6 types of electrical separation of minerals. It is used to separate native metals, graphite, tungsten, spodumene, rutile, hematite, diamond, quartz, rare earth mineral, uranium minerals, and others. Read more

4) Flotation separation. There are more than 20 types of mineral flotation. Universal separation method, because by using flotation can be separated almost all minerals. It is used for all types of ores and minerals (chalcopyrite, molybdenite, galena, sphalerite, gold, talc, mica, carbon, rare earth mineral, uranium minerals, and others). Read more

5) Special methods of separation. There are more than 15 types. It is used for separating rare earth mineral, uranium minerals, coal and others. Read more

6) Chemical separation (leaching). There are 7 types of leaching of minerals. It is used for the extraction of Au, Cu, rare earth mineral, uranium minerals et al. Read more

7) Combined separation. There are more than 30 types. Read more...
 
8) Pretreatment. There are more than 10 types.    Read more...

Each of the separation methods has its advantages and disadvantages, use restrictions.
Selection and calculation methods of enrichment originally produced theoretically on the basis of geology data (link). Taking into account the physical and chemical properties of precious minerals and also rock minerals too. To confirm the hypothesis need make laboratory tests (just 5-10 experiments). When choosing traditional methods of separation, must to base on the fact that all the minerals can be separately from each other.

With using traditional methods of the mineral separation, typically ore rises to the surface for further processing. In this case, can use any method of separation, or a combination thereof to produce the expected results at any stage of the project readiness. There is the possibility of changes in processing technology and equipment.
When using the underground leaching method, you can make changes only at the design stage. In this case, change the method of separation or technology at the finished plant cannot be made.

Chemical processing (leaching) requires a large consumption of the leaching reagents. Therefore the leaching is considerably more expensive than traditional methods of ore processing (ore enrichment). The using of traditional ore enrichment before leaching dramatically reduces the cost of leaching.

© Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya
February 1, 2016  
nataliapetrovsky@gmail.com

Tuesday, 19 December 2017

SIGNIFICANT LOCALITIES FOR SCANDIUM MINERALS






SIGNIFICANT LOCALITIES FOR SCANDIUM MINERALS:
Norway 25
Italy 18
USA 14
Germany 13

Madagascar 8
Austria 8
Czech Republic 7
France 7
Russia 6
Sweden 4
Switzerland 4
Australia 3
Japan 3
Canada 2
China 2
Romania 2
Kazakhstan 2
Mexico 1
Spain 1
Poland 1
Finland 1
New Caledonia 1
Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre) 1
Fiji 1
Brazil 1
Kenya 1
Portugal 1

A good mineral deposit is a rare find. Not every occurrence of minerals is a true mineral deposit.
For example, under the guise of REE deposits, they can sell an occurrence containing apatite, thorite, fluorite, brockite and many others. Such “deposits” are unpromising for the production of REE.

CLASSIFICATION OF SCANDIUM MINERALS

OXIDES: Allendeite, Heftetjernite

PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES: Kolbeckite, Pretulite, Juonniite

SILICATES: Thortveitite, Befanamite  (A variety of Thortveitite), Jervisite, Bazzite, Cascandite, Davisite, Scandiobabingtonite, Kristiansenite, Oftedalite, Magbasite


CONCENTRATION OF MINERALS
Linkedin 

© Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya, September 24, 2017

Friday, 15 December 2017

CINEMA and MINING

I have always been intrigued by extraterrestrial fiction movies with realistic scenes of colonization of other planets and galaxies by earthlings.

In such films, the mining industry takes an important place: mines, stone pits and processing plants on other planets. These details of the plot are present in almost all the films of this genre.
However, often mining and processing units are very superficial, tangential in movies.
I can speculate about the reasons for these. It is most likely that the directors of the films are afraid to show the mining industry in more detail in order to avoid the criticism of professionals and skeptics. Also fresh ideas are needed.


In my humble opinion the mining theme is pushed undeservedly into the shadow by cinema. Nothing prevents the filmmakers to penetrate deeper into the problem and put the mining facilities and technology in the movie in full and in such futuristic reality that the viewer's brain will literally explode on the volume and quality of the seen. Many people almost do not read books. Their worldview is formed mainly through television (today's picture) and cinema (futuristic trends). People often have a distorted view of reality and a very vague and uncertain view of the future.

Meanwhile, the cinema have a huge educational potential. Given that the supply of information comes unobtrusively, fun and it is cost-effective for the film companies.

Mining in the minds of people is usually associated with something harmful and negative (such as a natural or artificial disaster). But this is not quite true. Plus, mankind has never been able to abandon the mining industry and will not be able to do it. 
 

It would be nice to add a positive to this thread.


"It means your future hasn't been written yet. No one's has. Your future is whatever you make it, so make it a good one. " (Dr. Brown. Back to the Future).


Let's show the mining, as we want it to be.
Cinema often has the inverse effect: it shapes the future by its own films.
As analogy with the books of Jules Verne. French writer had an excellent level of education and great imagination, but he was not a prophet. Jules Verne only carried out a competent PR of very good ideas in a very interesting and exciting art form. So these ideas came to dominate at the mass consciousness of the 19th century and defined the main directions and forms of the technical thinking. Jules Verne is not a prophet, he is a creator! We are convinced in this.

What prevents us to repeat this success only by a more powerful and impressive technical tricks of fine art of movie?
For my part, I can promise to add to your movie or cartoon, at least a few of these realistic "delicious" features about the future of mineral processing.
The movie will sparkle by different colors and will qualify for the glory of the prophetic movie.

My experience and outlook allows me to such forecasts in concentration and processing of minerals. I can quite clearly outline the main trends in this area for a hundred years ahead.
All this will be very realistic and reproducible. Such scenery or special effects can decorate a movie or be the cornerstone of its story. The audience will believe in the realism of what it saw on the screen. In their minds the reality will be mixed with fiction.
It will be very advanced and realistic elements of future technology.
Today's technology in art is not interesting - it's too corny. People are interested in tomorrow and after tomorrow. I'll give it them. I am fully responsible for my words.

Thank you for your time. We will be happy if you are interested in this topic.

Sunday, 10 December 2017

SELECTION OF METHODS FOR SEPARATION OF MINERALS OF MARINE PLACERS

Modern life is unthinkable without the trendy gadgets, clean engines, high-quality sound systems and many other high-tech products.

Development of marine placers are very promising direction.

PLACER DEPOSITS ARE RAW MATERIAL FOR RARE EARTH ELEMENTS, TITANIUM, TANTALUM, NIOBIUM, ZIRCONIUM, TIN AND OTHER METALS



In the world, there are more than 173 fields of REE marine placers. However each placer deposit has its own individual characteristics. Each ore must have its own individual technology

For example, approximately half of the alluvial deposits is located in Eastern A.

Typically, the composition of sand is very simple and consists of five minerals: monazite, ilmenite, rutile, zircon, quarz. Placer deposits contain 0.8-15% of heavy minerals. Monazite content in the ore is low and there is in a range of 0.002-0.2%. In the majority of the alluvial deposits, content of monazite is 0.03-0.06%.

Processing technologies for sands of deposits can be simple of the same type. These may include:
  • Gravity separation
  • Magnetic separation
  • Electrical separation

The resulting concentrates:
  • REE concentrate (monazite)
  • Titanium concentrate (ilmenite, rutile)
  • Zirconium concentrat (zircon)

Approximately half of the alluvial deposits is located in Western A. These deposits have a more complex composition.

Placers are the complex raw materials and they contain:
  • REE mineral (monazite)
  • Titanium minerals (ilmenite, rutile and sometimes leucoxene)
  • Zirconium minerals (zircon)
  • Tin minerals (cassiterite)
  • Corundum
  • Garnet
  • Kyanite
  • Quarz (ganga)

Processing techniques may be more complex. Since the content of monazite in sands is very low, these sands the can be processed profitably only with reception of all possible concentrates:  Monazite,  Titanium,  Zirconium,  Tin, Corundum, Garnet,  Kyanite.

Processing technologies for sands of deposits may include:
  • Gravity separation
  • Magnetic separation
  • Electrical separation
  • Flotation 

The processing of placer deposits has many advantages:

1. Processing of placer deposits is produced by environmentally friendly technology without the use of any chemicals. Virtually no negative impacts on the flora and fauna of the ocean and coastal areas.
2. Processing of placer deposits decreases the radiation background at the shores of seas and oceans. The ecological situation is improving becourse radioactive minerals are removed from the beaches. Beaches become a beautiful light color.
3. Good working conditions without dust and chemical vapours.
4. Perhaps the complex use of raw materials and the obtaining of several concentrates, which increases profit.
5. The use of cheap technology.
6. Low cost of search and exploration of placer deposits. One deposit can be used for long time. Ocean continuously feeds new portions of raw materials without a limit.
7. There are no the costs for the construction of the quarry or mine.
8. Low construction costs for the processing plant. One floating plant – the marine dredge can be used for 50 years and more at the numerous placer deposits.
9. There are no the costs of crushing and grinding.10. There are no the waste rock dumps, tailings containing hazardous and radioactive waste. There are no the costs for it.
11. There are no the costs of restoring the site.
12. Fresh water is not used. There are no the costs of preparation and purification of fresh water. Separation is made directly in seawater. Not any chemicals or minerals pollute the seawater.
 

©  Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya, 10.12.2017

Friday, 8 December 2017

The new processing technology with optimal kinetics of flotation! and flotation rate!

The technology is designed for the processing of porphyry ores with a high content of silicates (SiO2). The technology can be used for the flotation of Au, Cu, Fe, Mo, Pb, Zn and other porphyry ores. The process optimization enables to increase a speed of flotation. The proposed technology reduces the number of cleaners, increases a recovery, and improves a performance of the Plant and other indicators. 
The proposed technology is based on my own know-how.

It is easier to prevent problems than to fight them later.

The technology allows preventing the occurrence of major problems in the flotation of minerals or reducing their negative impact.



The advantages of the proposed technology:

  • Increasing the recovery of valuable mineral into the concentrate with the same quality concentrate (or improve the quality of concentrate).
  • Increasing the speed of flotation.
  • Reducing the viscosity of the pulp.
  • Reducing the number of cleaners.
  • Reduction the number of flotation cells with the same performance of Plant (or increased performance with the same number of cells).
  • Savings on chemicals.
  • Savings on energy.
  • Reducing the load on the equipment, increasing its resources.    
You can visit "THE  STORE  OF  MY  IDEAS  AND  TECHNOLOGICAL  SOLUTIONS"

Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya
 

Wednesday, 6 December 2017

CURVES OF FLOTATION KINETICS By Ph.D. Igor Bobin

PhD Bobin. Flotation kinetics curve. First orden with delay

PhD Bobin. Flotation kinetics curve. First orden with delay.png



PhD Bobin. Flotation kinetics curve. Second orden with delay


PhD Bobin. Flotation kinetics curve. Second orden with delay.png

Monday, 4 December 2017

CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS BASED ON THE ABILITY TO BE SUPPRESSED BY POLYMERS AT FLOTATION By Natalia Petrovskaya

The author of the classification is Natalia Petrovskaya, 2014-2017


Naturally polymers are used: as the depressor of minerals in flotation.

The most known naturally polymers are:
  • Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
  • Starch (Amylum)
  • Dextrin
  • Guar gum (Guaran)
  • Others
Advantages:
1. Polymers can separate some minerals.
2. Polymers can act in a wide range of pH and Eh, with undesirable ions in the pulp.

Disadvantages:
1. Experts are needed to create complex formulas for the use of polymers for each particular ore. Ready-made effective formulas practically do not exist.
2. The non-permanent composition of natural polymers significantly reduces the scope of their use.
3. Polymers have low selectivity and in excess can suppress all minerals.
4. Difficulties in storage (they are eaten by insects and animals).
 


Classification of minerals based on the ability to be suppressed by polymers at flotation:

1. Minerals of the 1st group are suppressed very easily: Actinolite, Benitoite, Biotite, Illite, Kaolinite, Muscovite, Phlogopite, Pyrophyllite, Sericite, Steatite and flotation active silicate minerals; Anhydrite, Gypsum; Molybdenite.

2. Minerals of 2nd group are easily suppressed, but worse than the minerals of group 1: Baryte, Calcite, Dolomite, Olivine, Zircon; Hematite, Hydrogoethite, Limonite, Magnetite and other iron oxides; Diopside, Enstatite, Spodumene; Apatite.

3. Minerals of 3rd group are suppressed worse than the minerals of groups 1 and 2: Chalcopyrite, Galena, Pyrite, Sphalerite and other sulphides.

4. Minerals of 4th group are hardly suppressed: Albite, Amazonite, Fluorite, Gold, Magnesite?, Microcline, Orthoclase, Quartz

You can contact us for advice: The consulting on concentration of minerals


You can buy some formulas and ready-made solutions:

SOLUTION 4. These flotation reagents can replace the polymers in the plants of the Americas

SOLUTION 9. The flotation of iron minerals. How manufacturers of the reagents can convince the Plant to buy and to use the starch?

SOLUTION 13. What are polymers, biopolymers, natural polymers in flotation

December 3, 2017
nataliapetrovsky@gmail.com

Thursday, 30 November 2017

FORMULA FOR THE DIRECT CALCULATION OF THE DIRECT CALCULATION OF THE COMMINUTION VELOCITY By Ph.D. Igor Bobin

In previous articles [1-3] we have talked about the modeling of comminution kinetics (crushing and grinding kinetics) C = f (t), where C – is the content of the size fraction (size class) of final product, %;  t – is time, secs.

Now we are acquainting with сomminution velocity vc.
Comminution velocity (rate) vc is ratio of the size fraction content C to unit of time t. Comminution velocity is derivative of time  vc = dC/dt  (% / secs).
Our modeling approach to comminution kinetics allows to carry direct calculation of сomminution velocity, pioneering move. A visual representation of the сomminution velocity in time is very important for solving the optimization problem of the mineral processing technology.

I have proposed the following my own formula with delay for the direct analytical calculations of the comminution velocity
vc (the differential equation in the operator form of Laplace)
FORMULA FOR THE DIRECT CALCULATION OF  THE ORE СOMMINUTION VELOCITY   By  Ph.D. Igor Bobin

where   c0 – is initial level of content, which is set from the experimental data of the comminution process, %; T – is time constant of comminution (constant of inertia), secs; τ – is time delay, secs; s – is Laplace complex variable.
 
The parameters c0, τ and T are determined graphically on the experimental kinetic curve of the comminution process by known method. The mathematical model (1) of the comminution velocity vc of the first order with delay is Transfer Function W(s), which is convenient for modeling using MATLAB. The mathematical model (1) has enough accuracy for engineering calculations.  

Example There are mineral ore with its experimental dependence of the comminution kinetics with delay (see Fig.1).
We have mathematical model of the comminution kinetics C = f(s) in the operator form of Laplace, a similar the equation in the usual form [1] 
FORMULA FOR THE DIRECT CALCULATION OF  THE ORE СOMMINUTION VELOCITY   By  Ph.D. Igor Bobin

In this case, parameter values of approximating equation (2) is amounted to:  c0=9.54 %,
τ =60 secs, T=180 secs.

Let's substitute these parameter values in the Bobin’s equation (2), and we got the mathematical model of the comminution kinetics C(s)

FORMULA FOR THE DIRECT CALCULATION OF  THE ORE СOMMINUTION VELOCITY

The analytical dependence and experimental of comminution kinetics obtained by modeling at MATLAB are shown on Figure 1.
 
FORMULA FOR THE DIRECT CALCULATION OF  THE ORE СOMMINUTION VELOCITY   By  Ph.D. Igor Bobin
 Fig. 1. Curves of the comminution kinetics C(t)
 
Now let's substitute parameter values in the Bobin’s equation (1), and we got the mathematical model of the comminution velocity vc(s)

FORMULA FOR THE DIRECT CALCULATION OF  THE ORE СOMMINUTION VELOCITY   By  Ph.D. Igor Bobin

The analytical dependence of comminution velocity obtained by modeling at MATLAB is shown on Figure 2.
 
FORMULA FOR THE DIRECT CALCULATION OF  THE ORE СOMMINUTION VELOCITY   By  Ph.D. Igor Bobin
 Fig. 2. The analytical curve of the comminution velocity vc(t),  (% / secs)

Thus, we can clearly calculate the comminution velocity (comminution rate) and use it to optimize the process. In our case, modeling of comminution kinetics is an indispensable tool for analisis of the mineral technology. The use of this tool (amongst other things) by the best expert on minerals concentration allows us to reach previously unattainable level of the mineral production efficiency.
 

References

  1. Ph.D. Igor Bobin, Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya. «EQUATION OF COMMINUTION KINETICS WITH DELAY» Web resurs "CONCENTRATION OFMINERALS". December 18, 2016
  2. Ph.D. Igor Bobin, Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya. «EQUATION OF COMMINUTION KINETICS WITH DELAY» News aggregation app Linkedin Pulse.  December 18, 2016
  3. Ph.D. Igor Bobin, Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya. «EQUATION OF COMMINUTION KINETICS WITH DELAY» Open publishing platform Scribd. December 19, 2016
 
December 27, 2016