Creating a comprehensive reactive to plants in North America and South America

Flotation of porphyry ores in North America and South America uses traditional range of reagents.

However, these reagents are not sufficient for efficient flotation.

For Plants of west coast of the Americas a range of reagents must be more.

Not enough of a whole group of reagents.

One solution may be to create a modifier (the conditioner) for porphyry ores.

The modifier (the conditioner) is a complex reagent that allows you to create a synergistic effect in the flotation of minerals of copper, gold and molybdenum.
Also this modifier depresses the gangue minerals.

For Plants it means a sharp decline in energy costs, increased extraction, reduction of harmful impurities.   

CONCENTRATION OF MINERALS

Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya

THE MODELING OF THE HARDENING VELOCITY By Ph.D. Igor Bobin

The hardening is an important physical process at the industrial production. The most famous examples are pelletizing of iron ore or briquetting of coal and peat. We spoke about the hardening kinetics in the articles [1-3].
Analytical curves of the hardening kinetics for the ore briquetting are shown in Fig.1.

Fig 1. The hardening kinetic curves obtained at the modeling [1-3] by formulas                
(1) - artificial desiccation and (2) - native desiccation Time is presented in seconds.

Now we shall deal with hardening velocity or hardening rate. What is that?

Hardening velocity (rate) vS is ratio of the compressive strength of specimen Rs to unit of time t. Hardening velocity is derivative of time vS = dRs /dt  (Pa / sec).

Our modeling approach to the hardening kinetics allows carry direct calculation of the hardening velocity, pioneering move. Formulas (1) and (2) of the hardening kinetics are presented in articles [1-3].

I have proposed the following my own formula with delay for the direct analytical calculations of the hardening velocity vS (the differential equation in the operational form of Laplace).

The parameters Rs max, rs0, τ and T are determined from an experimental data of the hardening process.

The mathematical model (3) of the hardening velocity vS of the first order with delay is Transfer Function W(s), which is convenient for modeling using MATLAB. The mathematical model (3) has enough accuracy for engineering calculations.

The parameters Rs max, rs0, τ, τtr and T2 are determined from an experimental data of the hardening process.

The mathematical model (4) of the hardening velocity vc of the second order with delay is Transfer Function W(s), which is convenient for modeling using MATLAB. The mathematical model (4) provides very high accuracy of scientific calculations and engineering.

Analytical curves of the hardening velocity are shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.

Fig 2. The hardening velocity curves obtained at the modeling by formulas                
(3) - artificial desiccation and (4) - native desiccation. Time is presented in seconds.

Fig 3. The hardening velocity curves obtained at the modeling by formulas                
(3) - artificial desiccation and (4) - native desiccation. Time is presented in hours.

The use of I. Bobin's operational formulas of the hardening kinetics and velocity allows:
1. Reduce the cost of obtaining products with the required strength.
2. Effectively manage the process of hardening of products.
3. Optimize the process of hardening finished products and semi-finished products.
4. Reduce the number of production areas.
5. Reduce the cost of drying and hardening products.

In this manner the modeling of hardening kinetics is an indispensable tool for analisis of the mineral technology and other. The immediate analytical description and a visual representation of the hardening velocity in time are very important for solving optimization problem of production processing. The formulas of the hardening velocity can be used everywhere with success where a product (or semi-product) acquires strength over time.
MINERAL MODELING 

© Ph.D. Igor Bobin
September 24, 2017
bobin.igor@yahoo.com

Express evaluation of technological feasibility of mineral extraction from the ore deposit for new sites

What do you get in this evaluation?

•     You'll know: Is your occurrence a mineral deposit or no.
•     You will have an objective view of the ore deposit and of its prospects at the mineral enrichment.
•     You'll know what other minerals are possible (or impossible) to extract simultaneously with the main mineral.

The necessary input data for the express evaluation:

•     The mineral composition of the ore (Required)
•     The chemical composition of the ore (Required)
•     Description of rocks (It is desirable, but not obligatory)

What we do: The evaluation is carried out remotely on the basis of the customer's prior information about the chemical composition of ores, mineral composition, geological characteristics of the deposits, etc.

The evaluation is carried out by the professional with a scientific degree (Ph.D) and extensive experience in the field of mineral concentration, it’s taking into account the current level of technology development of ore processing.

The evaluation is carried out within 2-8 weeks after the transfer of an advance payment on our account using Pay Pal or by other way (on request). The evaluation is carried out privately on the qualitative and quantitative level.

The evaluation includes the providing to client an electronic conclusion or paper conclusion (on request). In conclusion, are reflected the fundamental possibility (impossibility) of commercial separation of certain valuable components from ore under the current level of ore processing technology, without laboratory experiments and tests.

The express evaluation of the ore deposit

THE MODELING OF THE HARDENING KINETICS By Ph.D. Igor Bobin and Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya

Often in the metallurgy and coal industry, products and semi-products do not have the necessary strength. It takes time to harden them. Sometimes it takes a few minutes or many hours. These processes also can have delay. Therefore, studying the kinetics of hardening is an important task.
The most famous examples for metallurgists are pelletizing of iron ore or briquetting of coal and peat.  The kinetics of briquette hardening is shown in the figures 1 and 2.
We studied the kinetics of  briquettes hardening during drying under natural and artificial conditions.
As a result of this, Ph.D. Igor Bobin proposed his own operational formulas (1) and (2) of the first and second order for the practical modeling of hardening kinetics.

The formulas (1) and (2) provide accuracy and convenience. It does not require special skills and the purchase of special programs. A general program like MATLAB (registered trademark) is sufficient or other universal system of computer mathematics too. This is an important advantage of the approach.

Fig 1. The hardening kinetic curves obtained at the modeling by formulas
(1) - artificial desiccation and (2) - native desiccation. Time is presented in seconds.

Fig 2. The hardening kinetic curves obtained at the modeling by formulas

(1) - artificial desiccation and (2) - native desiccation. Time is presented in hours.

The Dr. I. Bobin's operational formulas of the hardening kinetics can be used in:
1. Metallurgy. When producing metals and alloys
2. Mining and metallurgy. At the pelletizing of iron ore and other products.
3. Mining and metallurgy. When manufacturing briquettes from coal, coke, anthracite, peat and gold, copper, nickel, manganese ore.
4. Mining. At the storage of tailings produced by extrusion.
5. Construction business. At the making products from concrete, cement, asphalt and other composite mixtures.
6. Chemical industry. At the production of granules from dry reagents.
7. Food industry. At the pelletizing of animal feeds.
8. Pharmaceutical industry. When making tablets.

Thus, Bobin's formulas can be used everywhere with success where a product (or semi-product) is obtained, which acquires strength over time.

Bobin's formulas provide very high accuracy of calculations when using MATLAB functions of numerical integration and it's almost free.

© Ph.D. Igor Bobin, Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya, 25-08-2017bobin.igor@yahoo.com

FUNDAMENTALS OF SORPTION OF FLOTOREAGENTS By Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya

Sorption of flotation reagents at interfaces occurs spontaneously and is accompanied by a loss of free surface energy. Changing the standard free energy Gibbs ΔG⁰ in the sorption of flotoreagents at the interface is described by Gibbs [1].
For the thermodynamic probable processes accompanied by energy loss, the value of Gibbs free energy ΔG⁰ should have a negative value.

Example 1. On the surface of pyrite FeS₂ there is the surface compound of ethyl xanthate of iron Fe(C₂H₅OCSS)₂. The surface compound is formed as a result of chemical sorption and it consists of ethyl xanthate anions C₂H₅OCSS^- and iron cations Fe²⁺. Can hydroxyl ions OH^- to displace from the surface of pyrite the anions of ethyl xanthate C₂H₅OCSS^- and to form the new surface compound of ferric hydroxide Fe(ОН)₂ as a result of chemical sorption?

Since ΔG⁰ is negative, the flow of this process is thermodynamically probable. This reaction is used for the depression of pyrite by lime.
The results of the practice argue that, with the chemical sorption of xanthate, poorly soluble compound of xanthate of iron Fe(C₂H₅OCSS)₂ is formed on the surface of pyrite. This compound can be removed from the pyrite surface only with using its displacing by the hydroxyl ions, which are actively interact with the iron cations Fe²⁺ to form ferric hydroxide Fe(ОН)₂.

Example 2. You should assess the thermodynamic probability of the film formation of lead sulfide PbS on the surface of cerussite PbCO₃ after exposure of sodium sulfide Na₂S.

Since ΔG⁰ is negative, the flow of this process is thermodynamically probable. This reaction is used in sulphidation of oxidized lead minerals (PbCO₃).

Example 3. You should assess the thermodynamic probability of sorption of copper cations Cu²⁺ on sphalerite ZnS.

Since ΔG⁰ is negative, the flow of this process is thermodynamically probable. This reaction is used to activate sphalerite by copper sulfate.

Example 4. You should evaluate the thermodynamic probability of sorption of ethyl xanthate on the unoxidized (unmodified) surface of galena:

Since ΔG⁰ is positive, the flow of this process is thermodynamically incredible. This is confirmed by the practice of the flotation. The mineral surface should be partially oxidized to fix the xanthate. This is imperative.

Example 5. You should rate thermodynamic probability of xanthate sorption after the partial oxidation of the surface of galena:

Since ΔG⁰ is negative in both cases, the flow of this process is thermodynamically probable. The mineral surface should be partially oxidized to fix the xanthate.

Example 6. You should rate thermodynamic probability of the oleic acid fixing on the surface of fluorite CaF₂:

Since ΔG⁰ is negative, the flow of this process is thermodynamically probable.

References

1. N. Petróvskaya. Fundamentos de la teoría de flotación (Libro), 2007.
2.  Concentration of minerals

© Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya
25.01.2016
nataliapetrovsky@gmail.com

THEORY OF ENRICHMENT Part 1. Operate unconventionally! Do everything yourself! By Ph.D. Igor Bobin and Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya

Really the life separates everything into rich and poor: states, cities, people, languages, forests, seas and ores. But this order of things is very conditional and dynamical. Everything flows and changes. A poor city turns into glittering megalopolis, a deluxe company goes bankrupt and pauper people get rich. Like any poor ore can be converted into a rich concentrate, and an average person can get a fabulous capital. We know many examples of this.


But how to do it in the mining sector, for example?

We'll give you a frank answer: If you go the traditional way and you involve intermediaries, any money will leave as water in the sand without result. They will offer you a standard solution to build a plant and another plant. This is the standard approach and ineffective.

Our theory of enrichment consists in the following. 

The success or failure of the case is laid more on the level of ideas. Line up and solve the problem theoretically in the head, to simulate the situation before an investment - is to make 80 % of case. The rest is a technical matter. Our strong point and our trump card is a possibility to choose  theoretically the optimal processing technology for any ore. We'll help you get rich!

Operate unconventionally! Do everything yourself!

For big profits you need rare solutions, you need people who know the minerals, reagents, metals, mineral separation methods ...  Ask the expert to which you applied, how many ways of ore enrichment he knows? 2-5? He will build your future of these options. But can a prospective multimillionaire conclude a deal, having the presence of only 5 options? The answer is simple: “no”! He sees up to 100 variants to choose one!
We know hundreds of mineral separation methods, new modern machinery and reagents worldwide. We are not engaged by certain brands of equipment and reagents. We will offer you all the best in the world that can be found today.

We will help you to avoid unreasonable and useless costs even before a planning stage.

Contact us directly. Don’t buy anything without our independent assessment - this is too risky. Don't succumb to cheap promises and simple solutions. Anything of these doesn't exist. Each step can lead you to great loss. Remember that! We will share with you the knowledge that any expert doesn't have in the world! We know everything in the mineral enrichment. We have no competitors. Only we can theoretically calculate and simulate FOR YOU  the UNIQUE TECHNOLOGY, which anybody doesn't have in the world.
Hurry, because our small team may be busy again on another project, and you will have to wait.

Give yourself a chance to become rich and to earn a billion!
Read in the second part of the article specific examples of how to get rich.

CONCENTRATION OF MINERALS

© Ph.D. Igor Bobin, Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya

November 16, 2016

nataliapetrovsky@gmail.com

Free download of articles in pdf

ENRICHMENT THEORY. Part 2. How to become a Metallurgical King. By Ph.D. Igor Bobin and Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya

Do you dream of becoming a Metallurgical King?
Do you want to buy a new mineral deposit and build a processing plant?
Someone persuaded you to invest in the shares of the mining and metallurgical industry?

We also often get offers from brokers, geologists and other people to invest in a metallurgical project. Let's see where are pitfalls here.

In this part we will explain to you what risks and uncertainties you have when buying a new mineral deposit.

In our opinion, even many well-known multinational mining and metallurgical corporations have bought problem deposits recently.

Some people don’t yet see the problem. But this is a temporary phenomenon.

Second people have already dug a pit and many years are waiting for someone to develop a processing technology for their ore. For many years they have only spending and no income.

Still others were able to build the plant to process the ore, but did not make a profit. What is their problem?

You can avoid unnecessary costs and make profit even tomorrow with our help.

A good mineral deposit is a rare find. Not every occurrence of minerals is a true mineral deposit.

For example, under the guise of REE deposits, they can sell an occurrence containing apatite, thorite, fluorite, brockite and many others. Such “deposits” are unpromising for the production of REE.

From apatite you can get only mineral fertilizers. You can become an ordinary fertilizer producer, but you will never become a Rare Earth King.

You didn’t dream about this!

We can give a lot of such examples. We presented in the table only a few real examples:

What risks do you have at this stage?

The risks are very high. You risk losing up to several billion dollars and getting stuck for 10-20 years in anticipation of a miracle.

At best, you will be forced to build several costly plants to get at least some product. Your real incomes will be one order of magnitude lower than the incomes you expect.

In the worst case, you will not get any product. You lost your money.

We know many examples where different tailing dumps, slurry waste, overburden rock (also called waste or spoil) are sold under the guise of mineral deposits.


The key to success is laid here! Don’t invest your money in risky projects!

We will help you choose the right deposit of light-enriching ores and minerals that can easily be separated from each other with low costs.

Are you tired of the fact that geologists yearly carry out expensive exploratory drilling, metallurgists make numerous expensive experiments in laboratories and the result is still not there?

We will help to dispel your doubts. We will determine if your occurrence is true mineral deposit. Maybe this really is the realization of your dreams and you need to continue. Or maybe it's time to stop spending millions on additional drilling and experiments and get out of the project before it's too late. After all, further spending will increase and can reach billion of dollars or more.

Do you still dream of becoming a Metallurgical King?

The beginning of success is based on the correct choice of the mineral deposit.

Imagine that you are the film director and you cast the actors for the main role in a blockbuster. You must choose the one that will lead your film (or project) to success, from thousands of applicants. Here you can not be mistaken. You can’t choose "by acquaintance" or any other personal reasons. You can’t go all-in or trust a decision to someone. For you, the price of wrong choice here is very high.

Therefore, as well you should choose the one mineral deposit from thousands of applicants for your purse. Only in this case you can be the Golden King, Copper, Platinum, Titan, Nickel or REE King (or others).

How to do it? What criteria exist? - It is just magic!

•     We will help you to do this.
•     We will help you become the Metallurgical King.
•     We will help you choose the best mineral deposit.
•     We will help you to see the real prospects of the future mineral field.
•     We will help you assess the risks of the new mineral field, taking into account the risks of technology in the ore processing.
•     We will help you to avoid unreasonable and useless costs even before a planning stage.

You can contact our website for more information

Contact us directly. Don’t buy anything without our independent assessment - this is too risky. Don't succumb to cheap promises and simple solutions. Anything of these doesn't exist. Each step can lead you to great loss. Remember that! We will share with you the knowledge that any expert doesn't have in the world! We know everything in the mineral enrichment. We have no competitors. Only we can theoretically calculate and simulate FOR YOU the UNIQUE TECHNOLOGY, which anybody doesn't have in the world.

Hurry, because our small team may be busy again on another project, and you will have to wait.
Give yourself a chance to become rich and to earn billions!

© Ph.D. Igor Bobin, Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya

April 16, 2017

nataliapetrovsky@gmail.com

Free download of articles in pdf

PROSPECTIVE RARE METALS By Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya

PROSPECTIVE RARE METALS: 

• Rare Light Metals: Beryllium (Be), Lithium (Li), Rubidium (Rb) 
• Rare Refractory Metals:  Niobium (Nb), Tantalum (Ta), Titanium (Ti), Zirconium (Zr), Hafnium (Hf), Rhenium (Re) 
• Rare Trace Metals: Gallium (Ga), Indium (In), Germanium (Ge), Hafnium (Hf), Rhenium (Re) 
• Rare Earth Metals: Scandium (Sc), Europium (Eu), Terbium (Tb), Dysprosium (Dy), Neodymium (Nd), Cerium (Ce), Lanthanum (La), Yttrium (Y) 
• Rare Radioactive Metals: Uranium (U), Thorium  (Th)

Concentration of minerals

Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya, 2016

INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION OF METALS By Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya

Concentration of minerals

PLACER DEPOSITS OF ORES CONTAINING RARE EARTH, TITANIUM, TANTALUM, NIOBIUM, ZIRCONIUM AND TIN MINERALS

Placer deposits are the coastal sands, which are located along the shores of oceans, seas and rivers. The size of mineral particles is 0,07-0,2 mm (to 1 mm). Placers are occupied from hundreds of meters to tens of kilometers along the coast. The width of the placers is tens of meters (sometimes hundreds of meters). Seam Thickness is 2 meters (sometimes up to 10 meters).

Placer deposits are a traditional source of the production of zirconium, rare earth elements, titanium, tantalum, niobium, tin metals. Mining and processing of placer deposits are very developed throughout the world.

Today, due to the rapid development of technology, the extraction of marine placers is possible. There are special marine dredges. This is a very important point, because stocks of marine alluvial deposits are very large. 
 

In my opinion, the placer deposits can be considered as of the most promising feedstock for obtaining zirconium, rare earth elements, titanium, tantalum, niobium, tin metals.
 

Placers are the complex raw materials and they contain:

•     Rare earth minerals (mainly monazite, xenotime and sometimes euxenite)
•     Titanium minerals (ilmenite, rutile and leucoxene)
•     Zirconium minerals (zircon)
•     Tin minerals (cassiterite)
•     Tantalum and niobium minerals (columbite, tantalite and euxenite).

To extract minerals from placers one can use environmentally friendly and cheaper technologies. Since the placers are small particles, there is no need to apply crushing and grinding.

Current and future processing schemes of placer minerals are included usually several ways of gravity separation of minerals to produce a collective concentrate (schlich, heavy concentrate). The tails of placer minerals don’t accumulate. The tails return to the ocean in a secure form (in the same form as the original raw material). Next may be used a combination of advanced methods of wet and dry separation of minerals. The schemes of ore processing may be different by sequence of operations depending on the mineral composition of placer. I would not recommended the use of flotation for the separation of placers due to the formation of harmful tailings. Today, there are environmentally friendly methods of mineral separation.

The processing of placer deposits has many advantages:

1. Processing of placer deposits is produced by environmentally friendly technology without the use of any chemicals. Virtually no negative impacts on the flora and fauna of the ocean and coastal areas.

2. Processing of placer deposits decreases the radiation background at the shores of seas and oceans. The ecological situation is improving becourse radioactive minerals are removed from the beaches. Beaches become a beautiful light color.

3. Good working conditions without dust and chemical vapours.

4. Perhaps the complex use of raw materials and the obtaining of several concentrates, which increases profit.

5. The use of cheap technology.

6. Low cost of search and exploration of placer deposits. One deposit can be used for long time. Ocean continuously feeds new portions of raw materials without a limit.

7. There are no the costs for the construction of the quarry or mine.

8. Low construction costs for the processing plant. One floating plant – the marine dredge can be used for 50 years and more at the numerous placer deposits.

9. There are no the costs of crushing and grinding.10. There are no the waste rock dumps, tailings containing hazardous and radioactive waste. There are no the costs for it.

11. There are no the costs of restoring the site.

12. Fresh water is not used. There are no the costs of preparation and purification of fresh water. Separation is made directly in seawater. Not any chemicals or minerals pollute the seawater. 

Development of marine placers are very promising direction.
It is solution of tomorrow day.

However each placer deposit has its own individual characteristics.
Each ore must have its own individual technology.

©  Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya

nataliapetrovsky@gmail.com

Free download of articles in pdf

CLASSIFICATION OF SCANDIUM MINERALS By Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya

CLASSIFICATION OF VANADIUM MINERALS By Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya

https://sites.google.com/site/concentrationofminerals/classification-of-minerals-containing-vanadium

CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS CONTAINING REE By Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya

https://sites.google.com/site/concentrationofminerals/how-to-choose-a-method-for-the-separation-of-minerals/rare-earth-mineral/classification-of-minerals-containing-ree

CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS CONTAINING MOLYBDENUM By Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya

https://sites.google.com/site/concentrationofminerals/classification-of-minerals-containing-molybdenum

CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS CONTAINING SCANDIUM By Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya

 

https://sites.google.com/site/concentrationofminerals/classification-of-minerals/classification-of-minerals-containing-scandium

CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS CONTAINING RHENIUM By Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya

https://sites.google.com/site/concentrationofminerals/industrial-classification-of-metals/trace--metals/rhenium/classification-of-minerals-containing-rhenium

CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS CONTAINING HAFNIUM By Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya

CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS CONTAINING INDIUM By Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya

https://sites.google.com/site/concentrationofminerals/industrial-classification-of-metals/trace--metals/indium

CLASSIFICATION OF METALS By Ph.D. Natalia Petrovskaya

https://sites.google.com/site/concentrationofminerals/industrial-classification-of-metals